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Medication Guides

Psychiatric Medication Guides

Clear, patient-friendly guides to 50 of the most prescribed psychiatric medications — what they do, how to take them, and what to watch for.

benzodiazepine

Alprazolam (Xanax, Xanax XR)

A fast-acting benzodiazepine for panic attacks and acute anxiety, used carefully and short-term because of dependence risk.

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Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

A time-tested tricyclic used today mainly at low doses for nerve pain, migraine prevention, and sleep, as well as depression.

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atypical antipsychotic

Aripiprazole (Abilify)

A widely used atypical antipsychotic that helps stabilize mood and thinking, often with less sedation and weight gain than older options.

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non-stimulant ADHD medication (norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor)

Atomoxetine (Strattera)

A once-daily non-stimulant for ADHD with no abuse potential, providing steady 24-hour symptom coverage after a few weeks.

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atypical antipsychotic

Brexpiprazole (Rexulti)

A dopamine partial agonist used as an antidepressant booster and for schizophrenia, designed for smoother tolerability with less restlessness.

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Atypical antidepressant (norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor)

Bupropion (Wellbutrin XL, Wellbutrin SR)

An energizing, non-serotonin antidepressant that avoids sexual side effects and weight gain; also aids quitting smoking.

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non-benzodiazepine anti-anxiety medication

Buspirone (BuSpar)

A non-habit-forming daily medication for generalized anxiety that calms worry without sedation or dependence risk.

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mood stabilizer / anticonvulsant

Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Equetro)

An established mood stabilizer for acute mania and mixed episodes, notable for drug interactions and genetic rash screening in some patients.

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atypical antipsychotic

Cariprazine (Vraylar)

A newer dopamine partial agonist for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and add-on depression, with a relatively weight-friendly profile.

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SSRI antidepressant

Citalopram (Celexa)

A straightforward, well-established SSRI for depression, valued for its simplicity and relatively few drug interactions.

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benzodiazepine

Clonazepam (Klonopin)

A long-acting benzodiazepine for panic disorder that provides smooth, all-day coverage with less between-dose rebound.

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non-stimulant ADHD medication (alpha-2 agonist)

Clonidine ER (Kapvay)

A calming non-stimulant for ADHD that reduces hyperactivity and impulsivity and often helps with sleep, alone or with a stimulant.

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atypical antipsychotic

Clozapine (Clozaril)

The most effective medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, used with structured blood-count monitoring for safety.

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SNRI antidepressant

Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)

A streamlined SNRI for depression with simple one-dose-fits-most dosing and minimal titration required.

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stimulant (methylphenidate)

Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin, Focalin XR)

A refined form of methylphenidate containing only its active mirror-image, offering focused ADHD benefit at lower doses.

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benzodiazepine

Diazepam (Valium)

A long-acting benzodiazepine used for anxiety, muscle spasm, and alcohol withdrawal, with a fast onset and a gentle, gradual wear-off.

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mood stabilizer / anticonvulsant

Divalproex sodium (Depakote)

A fast-acting mood stabilizer for acute mania and maintenance, dosed by blood level and monitored with liver and blood tests.

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Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

Doxepin (Silenor, Sinequan)

A versatile tricyclic: very low doses treat insomnia (Silenor), while higher doses treat depression, anxiety, and chronic itch.

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SNRI antidepressant

Duloxetine (Cymbalta)

An SNRI that treats both mood and pain — approved for depression, anxiety, fibromyalgia, and nerve pain.

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SSRI antidepressant

Escitalopram (Lexapro)

A well-tolerated SSRI often chosen first for depression and generalized anxiety thanks to its gentle side-effect profile.

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non-benzodiazepine sleep medication (Z-drug)

Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

A prescription sleep aid that helps you fall asleep and stay asleep, with evidence supporting longer-term nightly use than most Z-drugs.

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SSRI antidepressant

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

The original SSRI — a long-acting, often energizing option for depression, OCD, bulimia, panic disorder, and PMDD.

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SSRI antidepressant

Fluvoxamine (Luvox)

An SSRI best known as a first-line treatment for OCD, easing obsessive thoughts and compulsive rituals.

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non-stimulant ADHD medication (alpha-2A agonist)

Guanfacine ER (Intuniv)

A non-stimulant that calms hyperactivity, impulsivity, and emotional reactivity, taken once daily alone or alongside a stimulant.

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typical (first-generation) antipsychotic

Haloperidol (Haldol)

A time-tested first-generation antipsychotic, highly effective for psychosis and severe agitation, with careful monitoring for movement side effects.

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antihistamine used for anxiety and sleep

Hydroxyzine (Vistaril, Atarax)

A fast-acting, non-addictive antihistamine that eases acute anxiety and helps with sleep, often used as-needed.

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mood stabilizer / anticonvulsant

Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

A well-tolerated mood stabilizer especially strong at preventing bipolar depression, started slowly to minimize rash risk.

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stimulant (amphetamine prodrug)

Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)

A smooth, long-acting ADHD stimulant activated by the body itself, with all-day coverage and lower misuse potential.

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mood stabilizer

Lithium (Lithobid, Eskalith)

The gold-standard mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder, with unmatched evidence for preventing episodes and reducing suicide risk.

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benzodiazepine

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A reliable intermediate-acting benzodiazepine for acute anxiety, with steadier coverage than Xanax and fewer drug interactions.

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atypical antipsychotic

Lurasidone (Latuda)

A modern atypical antipsychotic for schizophrenia and bipolar depression, favored for its relatively low weight-gain and metabolic risk.

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stimulant (methylphenidate)

Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)

A first-line ADHD stimulant that sharpens focus and reduces impulsivity within an hour, in short- and long-acting forms.

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Atypical antidepressant (noradrenergic and specific serotonergic)

Mirtazapine (Remeron)

A sedating antidepressant that improves sleep and appetite quickly — often ideal for depression with insomnia and weight loss.

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stimulant (amphetamine)

Mixed Amphetamine Salts (Adderall, Adderall XR)

A widely used amphetamine stimulant for ADHD that improves focus, follow-through, and impulse control from the first dose.

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Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

Nortriptyline (Pamelor)

A better-tolerated tricyclic for depression, nerve pain, and migraine prevention, with the option of blood-level monitoring.

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atypical antipsychotic

Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

A highly effective atypical antipsychotic for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder; requires close attention to weight and metabolic health.

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anticonvulsant / mood stabilizer (off-label)

Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)

A gentler cousin of carbamazepine used off-label for mood stability, with fewer interactions and no routine blood-level monitoring.

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atypical antipsychotic

Paliperidone (Invega, Invega Sustenna, Invega Trinza)

An atypical antipsychotic for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, notable for long-acting injections given monthly, quarterly, or twice a year.

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SSRI antidepressant

Paroxetine (Paxil)

A potent SSRI with broad FDA approvals across anxiety disorders, depression, OCD, PTSD, and panic disorder.

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alpha-1 blocker

Prazosin (Minipress)

A blood pressure medication used off-label to quiet PTSD nightmares and improve sleep, often within the first few weeks.

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atypical antipsychotic

Quetiapine (Seroquel, Seroquel XR)

A versatile atypical antipsychotic used for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and treatment-resistant depression, often calming and sleep-promoting.

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melatonin receptor agonist sleep medication

Ramelteon (Rozerem)

A non-controlled sleep medication that works through the body's natural melatonin system, with no dependence risk or morning grogginess.

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atypical antipsychotic

Risperidone (Risperdal)

A well-established atypical antipsychotic effective for schizophrenia, bipolar mania, and irritability in autism.

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SSRI antidepressant

Sertraline (Zoloft)

One of the most widely prescribed SSRIs, used for depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD, and panic disorder.

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Serotonin modulator (SARI) antidepressant

Trazodone (Desyrel)

An older antidepressant now most often prescribed at low doses as a gentle, non-habit-forming sleep aid.

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SNRI antidepressant

Venlafaxine (Effexor XR)

A powerful SNRI for depression and multiple anxiety disorders, often effective when SSRIs have not been enough.

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SSRI and serotonin partial agonist antidepressant

Vilazodone (Viibryd)

A newer dual-action antidepressant combining SSRI activity with serotonin receptor modulation; must be taken with food.

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Serotonin modulator antidepressant

Vortioxetine (Trintellix)

A modern multimodal antidepressant with evidence for improving concentration and mental sharpness alongside mood.

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atypical antipsychotic

Ziprasidone (Geodon)

An atypical antipsychotic for schizophrenia and bipolar mania with one of the lowest weight-gain profiles in its class; must be taken with food.

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non-benzodiazepine sleep medication (Z-drug)

Zolpidem (Ambien, Ambien CR)

A fast-acting prescription sleep aid that shortens the time to fall asleep, intended for short-term use at the lowest effective dose.

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These guides are educational only. Never start, stop, or change a psychiatric medication without guidance from your prescriber. To find out whether a medication is right for you, schedule an appointment.

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